rainlance/amiga-tz
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://frontier.innolan.net/rainlance/amiga-tz.git synced 2025-11-21 05:00:51 +00:00
Code Releases Activity

Eggert mods

Browse Source 
SCCS-file: tz-link.htm
SCCS-SID: 7.44
This commit is contained in:
Paul Eggert
2004-09-23 10:13:54 -04:00
committed by Paul Eggert
parent 65530992fd
commit 5ce29fdd1a
1 changed files with 155 additions and 85 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

240
tz-link.htm
View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' />
<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-07-13" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-09-22" />
<meta name="DC.Description"
content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" />
@ -23,25 +23,28 @@
</address>
<p>
Please send corrections to this web page to the
<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.
</p>
<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.</p>
<h2>The <code>tz</code> database</h2>
<p>
The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
that represent the history of local time
for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
to <abbr title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr>
offsets and daylight-saving rules.
This database (often called <code>tz</code> or <code>zoneinfo</code>)
is used by several implementations,
including
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the GNU C Library</a> used in
<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>,
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the
<acronym title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</acronym>
C Library</a> used in
<a href="http://www.linux.org/"><acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux</a>,
<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>,
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,
<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>,
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr
title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/">HP-UX</a>,
<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix/">IRIX</a>,
<a href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Mac OS X</a>,
@ -55,24 +58,30 @@ clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.
Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of
the location, which is typically the largest city within the region.
For example, <code>America/New_York</code>
represents most of the US eastern time zone;
represents most of the <abbr title="United States">US</abbr> eastern time zone;
<code>America/Indianapolis</code> represents most of Indiana, which
uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST);
uses eastern time without daylight saving time (<abbr
title="daylight saving time">DST</abbr>);
<code>America/Detroit</code> represents most of Michigan, which uses
eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975;
eastern time but with different <abbr>DST</abbr> rules in 1975;
and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County,
Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991.
To use the database, set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to
To use the database on an extended <a
href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX"><abbr
title="Portable Operating System Interface">POSIX</abbr></a>
implementation set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to
the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p>
<p>
In the <code>tz</code> database's
<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>,
<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/"><abbr
title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr> distribution</a>
the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</code>,
where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version;
similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>,
where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version.
The following shell commands download
these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded
these files to a <acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux or similar host;
see the downloaded
<code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p>
<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">wget</a> 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz'
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/">gzip</a> -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/">tar</a> -xf -
@ -92,7 +101,10 @@ mailing list, retrieve the <a
href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old
messages</a> (in gzip compressed format), or retrieve <a
href="ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz/">archived older versions of code
and data</a>.</p>
and data</a>; there is also a smaller <a
href="http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/timezone/"><abbr
title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr>
mirror</a>.</p>
<p>
The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
@ -104,7 +116,9 @@ is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
throughout the world.</li>
<li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current
Time in 1000 Places</a></li>
<li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock -
@ -116,21 +130,29 @@ is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
<ul>
<li>The <a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">
Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification
(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF
Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch)</a> covers time zone
(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the (now-concluded) <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/OLD/calsch-charter.html"><abbr
title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (<abbr
title="Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group">calsch</abbr>)</a>
covers time zone
data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.</li>
<li>The <a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/">www-rdf-calendar</a>
list discusses <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">RDF</a>-based calendar
list discusses <a
href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/"><abbr
title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr></a>-based calendar
and group scheduling systems, and has a <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/#tzd">workspace on time zone
data</a> converted from <code>tz</code>. An earlier <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">schema</a> was sketched out by <a
href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a>.</li>
<li><a
href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt">XCal</a>
was a draft <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</a> document type
href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt"><abbr
title="XML DTD for iCalendar">XCal</abbr></a>
was a draft <a
href="http://www.w3.org/XML/"><abbr
title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> document type
definition that corresponded to iCalendar.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2>
@ -139,47 +161,57 @@ definition that corresponded to iCalendar.</li>
Timezone Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles
<code>tz</code> source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files.
Vzic is freely
available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU
General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li>
available under the <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"><acronym>GNU</acronym>
General Public License (<abbr
title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>)</a>.</li>
<li><a
href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a>
contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles
<code>tz</code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>
modules. It is part of the Perl <a
href="http://datetime.perl.org/">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
available under both the GPL and the Perl Artistic
available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic
License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script
<code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock
transition in the <code>tz</code> database.</li>
<li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">International Components for
Unicode (ICU)</a> contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that
has a compiler from <samp>tz</samp> source into an ICU-specific format.
ICU is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/"><abbr
title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</abbr></a>
contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that
has a compiler from <samp>tz</samp> source
into an <abbr>ICU</abbr>-specific format.
<abbr>ICU</abbr> is freely available under a
<abbr title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://joda-time.sourceforge.net/">Joda Time - Java date
and time API</a> contains a class
and time <abbr title="Application Program Interface">API</abbr></a>
contains a class
<code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles
<code>tz</code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li>
is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/">PyTZ - Python Time
Zone Library</a> compiles <code>tz</code> source into
<a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a>.
It is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li>
It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Other <code>tz</code> binary file readers</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a>
<li>The <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/"><acronym>GNU</acronym> C
Library</a>
has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
a <code>tz</code> binary file reader.
This library is freely available under the
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html">
GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>,
and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li>
<acronym>GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License
(<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>,
and is widely used in <acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux systems.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>
is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java.
It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li>
It is freely available under the <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<abbr>LGPL</abbr>.</li>
<li><a href="http://s.keim.free.fr/tz/doc.html">Python time zones</a>
is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Python.
It is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li>
It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone conversion software</h2>
<ul>
@ -198,8 +230,8 @@ Microsoft Windows program.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.astro.com/cgi/aq.cgi?lang=e">Atlas Query</a>
is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a
href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.php">computer</a> and <a
href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.php#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a
href="http://astrocom.com/products/software.php?software_id=ibmwboth">computer
and book form</a> by <a
href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
time info, public holidays</a>
@ -208,14 +240,14 @@ and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
is another time zone database.</li>
<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>
contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
(USNO), used as the source
contains data from the Time Service Department of the
<abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory, used as the source
for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes
and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of
airports around the world. This seems to be derived from
the <a href="http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9179.htm">Standard
Schedules Information Manual (SSIM)</a> of the
Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport
Association</a>,
which gives current time zone rules for
@ -224,7 +256,8 @@ all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
<h2>Maps</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a
Intelligence Agency (<abbr
title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a
href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/time_zones.pdf">time
zone map</a>; the
<a
@ -238,19 +271,26 @@ and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">Current time around the world
and standard time zones map of the world</a>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the
<abbr>CIA</abbr>'s
but the maps are more up to date.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative Divisions
of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains detailed lists of
<code>tz</code>-related zone subdivision data.</li>
<li><a href="http://home-4.tiscali.nl/~t876506/Multizones.html">Time
zone boundaries for multizone countries</a> summarizes legal
boundaries between time zones within countries.</li>
<li>Manifold.net's <a
href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and
GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone
boundaries distributed under the GPL.</li>
<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States
<acronym title="Geographic Information Systems">GIS</acronym>
Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of
world time zone boundaries distributed under the
<abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>
<li>The <abbr>US</abbr> Geological Survey's National Atlas of
the United States
publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time
Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li>
<li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a
@ -262,8 +302,8 @@ Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a>
surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li>
<li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</a>
is an overall history of DST.</li>
Saving Time - History, rationale, laws &amp; dates</a>
is an overall history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li>
<li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The
Time of Internet</a>
describes time zones and daylight saving time,
@ -278,10 +318,11 @@ Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminological issues behind time zones.</li>
<h2>National histories of legal time</h2>
<dl>
<dt>Australia</dt>
<dd>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales (NSW)
<dd>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales
(<abbr title="New South Wales">NSW</abbr>)
Attorney General's Department maintains a <a
href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">history of
daylight saving in NSW</a>.</dd>
daylight saving in <abbr>NSW</abbr></a>.</dd>
<dt>Austria</dt>
<dd>The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying publishes a
table of <a href="http://www.metrologie.at/pdf/sommerzeit.pdf"
@ -350,40 +391,59 @@ of summer time dates</a>.</dd>
href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&amp;pub_id=5965-7984E">The
Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction
to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">NTP: The Network Time Protocol</a>
<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/"><abbr
title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network
Time Protocol</a>
discusses how to synchronize clocks of
Internet hosts.</li>
<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.txt"
charset="macintosh">A
Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a>
answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li>
<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few
Facts Concerning <abbr title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</abbr>, <abbr
title="Universal Time">UT</abbr>, and
the <abbr title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">RGO</abbr></a>
answers questions like "What is the
difference between <abbr>GMT</abbr> and <abbr>UTC</abbr>?"</li>
<li><a
href="http://www.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
and TDB.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>'s <a
href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/">Standards Of Fundamental
Astronomy</a> (SOFA) initiative publishes Fortran code for converting
among time scales like TAI, TDB, TT and UTC.</li>
Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like
<abbr title="Terrestrial Dynamic Time">TDT</abbr>,
<abbr title="Geocentric Coordinate Time">TCG</abbr>, and
<abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/"><abbr
title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a
href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/"><acronym
title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</acronym></a>
initiative publishes Fortran
code for converting among time scales like
<abbr title="International Atomic Time">TAI</abbr>,
<abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and
<abbr>UTC</abbr>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of
Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a>
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>
<li><a
href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical
Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a> briefly
describes Mars Coordinated Time (MTC) and the diverse local time
describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr
title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the
diverse local time
scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li>
<li><a
href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/products/bulletins/bulletins.html">Bulletins
maintained by the IERS EOP (PC)</a> contains official publications of
maintained by the
<abbr title="International Earth Rotation Service">IERS</abbr>
<abbr title="Earth Orientation Parameters">EOP</abbr>
(<abbr title="Product Center">PC</abbr>)</a> contains official publications of
the Earth Orientation Parameters Product Center of the
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
when leap seconds occur.</li>
<li>The <a
href="http://www.mail-archive.com/leapsecs@rom.usno.navy.mil/">Leap
Second Discussion List</a> covers McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal
to discontinue leap seconds, published in <a
href="http://www.gpsworld.com/">GPS World</a> <strong>10</strong>, 11
Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy
and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>, published in <a
href="http://www.gpsworld.com/"><abbr
title="Global Positioning System">GPS</abbr> World</a>
<strong>10</strong>, 11
(1999-11), 50&ndash;57 and discussed further in R. A. Nelson et al.,
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The
leap second: its history and possible future</a>,
@ -398,18 +458,24 @@ contentious issue.</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of
the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good
summary of ISO
summary of
<abbr title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr>
8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange
- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by
<a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li>
<a
href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780"><abbr>ISO</abbr>
8601:2000</a>).</li>
<li>
Section 3.3 of <a
href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet RFC 2822</a>
href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet
<abbr title="Request For Comments">RFC</abbr> 2822</a>
specifies the time notation used in email and <a
href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li>
href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt"><abbr>HTTP</abbr></a>
headers.</li>
<li>
<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet RFC
3339</a> specifies an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet
<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet
<abbr>RFC</abbr> 3339</a> specifies an <abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601
profile for use in new Internet
protocols.</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The
@ -419,17 +485,19 @@ by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li>
href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/formatting/time_zone_localization.html">Time
Zone Localization</a> is a proposed mechanism for localizing time zone
labels and abbreviations; for example, one might use it to specify
Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", "EEST", and
<code>Europe/Bucharest</code>.</li>
<li>
Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique
identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For
example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North
America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia;
and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For
compatibility with <a href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX">POSIX</a> the
<code>tz</code> database contains English abbreviations for all time
stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database
Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time",
"<abbr title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</abbr>",
and <code>Europe/Bucharest</code>.</li>
<li> Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique
identifiers for <abbr>UTC</abbr> offsets as they are ambiguous in
practice. For example, "<abbr>EST</abbr>" denotes 5 hours behind
<abbr>UTC</abbr> in English-speaking North America, but it denotes 10
or 11 hours ahead of <abbr>UTC</abbr> in Australia; and
French-speaking North Americans prefer
"<abbr title="Heure Normale de l'Est">HNE</abbr>" to
"<abbr>EST</abbr>". For <abbr>POSIX</abbr> the <code>tz</code>
database contains English abbreviations for all time stamps but in
many cases these are merely inventions of the database
maintainers.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Related indexes</h2>
@ -437,8 +505,10 @@ maintainers.</li>
<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -
Reference: Time</a></li>
<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google Directory - Reference &gt; Time</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo! Science &gt; Measurements and Units &gt; Time</a></li>
<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google Directory
- Reference &gt; Time</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo!
Science &gt; Measurements and Units &gt; Time</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>