diff --git a/tz-link.htm b/tz-link.htm index da9bd10..a650266 100644 --- a/tz-link.htm +++ b/tz-link.htm @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ - + @@ -23,25 +23,28 @@
Please send corrections to this web page to the -time zone mailing list. -
+time zone mailing list.tz database
The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
that represent the history of local time
for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
-to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
+to UTC
+offsets and daylight-saving rules.
This database (often called tz or zoneinfo)
is used by several implementations,
including
-the GNU C Library used in
-GNU/Linux,
+the
+GNU
+C Library used in
+GNU/Linux,
FreeBSD,
NetBSD,
OpenBSD,
Cygwin,
-DJGPP,
+DJGPP,
HP-UX,
IRIX,
Mac OS X,
@@ -55,24 +58,30 @@ clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.
Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of
the location, which is typically the largest city within the region.
For example, America/New_York
-represents most of the US eastern time zone;
+represents most of the US eastern time zone;
America/Indianapolis represents most of Indiana, which
-uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST);
+uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST);
America/Detroit represents most of Michigan, which uses
-eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975;
+eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975;
and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County,
Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991.
-To use the database, set the TZ environment variable to
+To use the database on an extended POSIX
+implementation set the TZ environment variable to
the location's full name, e.g., TZ="America/New_York".
In the tz database's
-FTP distribution,
+FTP distribution
the code is in the file tzcodeC.tar.gz,
where C is the code's version;
similarly, the data are in tzdataD.tar.gz,
where D is the data's version.
The following shell commands download
-these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded
+these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host;
+see the downloaded
README file for what to do next.
wget 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz'
gzip -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | tar -xf -
@@ -92,7 +101,10 @@ mailing list, retrieve the archive of old
messages (in gzip compressed format), or retrieve archived older versions of code
-and data.
+and data; there is also a smaller HTTP
+mirror.
The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
@@ -104,7 +116,9 @@ is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
throughout the world.
Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include:
The World Clock -
@@ -116,21 +130,29 @@ is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
- The
Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification
-(iCalendar) specification published by the IETF
-Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch) covers time zone
+(iCalendar)
specification published by the (now-concluded) IETF
+Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch)
+covers time zone
data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.
The www-rdf-calendar
-list discusses RDF-based calendar
+list discusses RDF-based calendar
and group scheduling systems, and has a workspace on time zone
data converted from tz. An earlier schema was sketched out by Tim Berners-Lee.
XCal
-was a draft XML document type
+href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt">XCal
+was a draft XML document type
definition that corresponded to iCalendar.
Other tz compilers
@@ -139,47 +161,57 @@ definition that corresponded to iCalendar.
Timezone Converter describes a program Vzic that compiles
tz source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files.
Vzic is freely
-available under the GNU
-General Public License (GPL).
+available under the GNU
+General Public License (GPL).
DateTime::TimeZone
contains a script parse_olson that compiles
tz source into Perl
modules. It is part of the Perl DateTime Project, which is freely
-available under both the GPL and the Perl Artistic
+available under both the GPL and the Perl Artistic
License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script
tests_from_zdump that generates test cases for each clock
transition in the tz database.
-International Components for
-Unicode (ICU) contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that
-has a compiler from tz source into an ICU-specific format.
-ICU is freely available under a BSD-style license.
+ICU
+contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that
+has a compiler from tz source
+into an ICU-specific format.
+ICU is freely available under a
+BSD-style license.
Joda Time - Java date
-and time API contains a class
+and time API
+contains a class
org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler that compiles
tz source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
-is freely available under a BSD-style license.
+is freely available under a BSD-style license.
PyTZ - Python Time
Zone Library compiles tz source into
Python.
-It is freely available under a BSD-style license.
+It is freely available under a BSD-style license.
Other tz binary file readers
-- The GNU C Library
+
- The GNU C
+Library
has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
a
tz binary file reader.
This library is freely available under the
-GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL),
-and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
+GNU Lesser General Public License
+(LGPL),
+and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
- ZoneInfo.java
is a
tz binary file reader written in Java.
-It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.
+It is freely available under the GNU
+LGPL.
- Python time zones
is a
tz binary file reader written in Python.
-It is freely available under a BSD-style license.
+It is freely available under a BSD-style license.
Other tz-based time zone conversion software
@@ -198,8 +230,8 @@ Microsoft Windows program.
- Atlas Query
is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
excellent time zone history atlases published in both computer and book form by computer
+and book form by Astro Communications Services.
- WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
time info, public holidays
@@ -208,14 +240,14 @@ and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.
- World Time Server
is another time zone database.
- World Time Zones
-contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
-(USNO), used as the source
+contains data from the Time Service Department of the
+US Naval Observatory, used as the source
for the
usno* files in the tz distribution.
- Airlines, Airplanes
and Airports lists current standard times for thousands of
airports around the world. This seems to be derived from
the Standard
-Schedules Information Manual (SSIM) of the
+Schedules Information Manual of the
the International Air Transport
Association,
which gives current time zone rules for
@@ -224,7 +256,8 @@ all the airports served by commercial aviation.
Maps
- The United States Central
-Intelligence Agency (CIA) publishes a CIA) publishes a time
zone map; the
- Current time around the world
and standard time zones map of the world
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
-The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
+The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the
+CIA's
but the maps are more up to date.
Time zone boundaries
+- Administrative Divisions
+of Countries ("Statoids") contains detailed lists of
+
tz-related zone subdivision data.
- Time
zone boundaries for multizone countries summarizes legal
boundaries between time zones within countries.
- Manifold.net's Free Maps and
-GIS Data includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone
-boundaries distributed under the GPL.
-- The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States
+GIS
+Data includes a Manifold-format map of
+world time zone boundaries distributed under the
+GPL.
+- The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of
+the United States
publishes the Time
Zones of the United States in the public domain.
- The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for .
- A Walk through Time
surveys the evolution of timekeeping.
- About Daylight
-Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates
-is an overall history of DST.
+Saving Time - History, rationale, laws & dates
+is an overall history of DST.
- The
Time of Internet
describes time zones and daylight saving time,
@@ -278,10 +318,11 @@ Zone Concepts discusses terminological issues behind time zones.
National histories of legal time
- Australia
-- The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales (NSW)
+
- The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales
+(NSW)
Attorney General's Department maintains a history of
-daylight saving in NSW.
+daylight saving in NSW.
- Austria
- The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying publishes a
table of .
href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The
Science of Timekeeping is a thorough introduction
to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.
-
- NTP: The Network Time Protocol
+
- NTP: The Network
+Time Protocol
discusses how to synchronize clocks of
Internet hosts.
-- A
-Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO
-answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"
+- A Few
+Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and
+the RGO
+answers questions like "What is the
+difference between GMT and UTC?"
- Astronomical
-Times explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
-and TDB.
-- The IAU's Standards Of Fundamental
-Astronomy (SOFA) initiative publishes Fortran code for converting
-among time scales like TAI, TDB, TT and UTC.
+Times explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like
+TDT,
+TCG, and
+TDB.
+- The IAU's SOFA
+initiative publishes Fortran
+code for converting among time scales like
+TAI,
+TDB, TDT and
+UTC.
- Basics of
Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.
- Technical
Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock briefly
-describes Mars Coordinated Time (MTC) and the diverse local time
+describes Mars Coordinated Time (MTC) and the
+diverse local time
scales used by each landed mission on Mars.
- Bulletins
-maintained by the IERS EOP (PC) contains official publications of
+maintained by the
+IERS
+EOP
+(PC) contains official publications of
the Earth Orientation Parameters Product Center of the
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
when leap seconds occur.
- The Leap
-Second Discussion List covers McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal
-to discontinue leap seconds, published in GPS World 10, 11
+Second Discussion List covers McCarthy
+and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds, published in GPS World
+10, 11
(1999-11), 50–57 and discussed further in R. A. Nelson et al.,
The
leap second: its history and possible future,
@@ -398,18 +458,24 @@ contentious issue.
-
A Summary of
the International Standard Date and Time Notation is a good
-summary of ISO
+summary of
+ISO
8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange
- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by
-ISO 8601:2000).
+ISO
+8601:2000).
-
Section 3.3 of Internet RFC 2822
+href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet
+RFC 2822
specifies the time notation used in email and HTTP headers.
+href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP
+headers.
-
-Internet RFC
-3339 specifies an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet
+Internet
+RFC 3339 specifies an ISO 8601
+profile for use in new Internet
protocols.
-
The
@@ -419,17 +485,19 @@ by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.
href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/formatting/time_zone_localization.html">Time
Zone Localization is a proposed mechanism for localizing time zone
labels and abbreviations; for example, one might use it to specify
-Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", "EEST", and
-Europe/Bucharest.
--
-Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique
-identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For
-example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North
-America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia;
-and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For
-compatibility with POSIX the
-
tz database contains English abbreviations for all time
-stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database
+Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time",
+"EEST",
+and Europe/Bucharest.
+- Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique
+identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in
+practice. For example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind
+UTC in English-speaking North America, but it denotes 10
+or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia; and
+French-speaking North Americans prefer
+"HNE" to
+"EST". For POSIX the
tz
+database contains English abbreviations for all time stamps but in
+many cases these are merely inventions of the database
maintainers.
Related indexes
@@ -437,8 +505,10 @@ maintainers.
- Time and the Arts
- Open Directory -
Reference: Time
-- Google Directory - Reference > Time
-- Yahoo! Science > Measurements and Units > Time
+- Google Directory
+- Reference > Time
+- Yahoo!
+Science > Measurements and Units > Time