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official word on British Summer Time
SCCS-file: europe SCCS-SID: 7.2
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Arthur David Olson
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Paul Eggert
Paul Eggert
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europe
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europe
@ -11,43 +11,119 @@
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# United Kingdom
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# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
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# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (July 4, 1989)
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#
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# The starting and ending dates below (from which the rules are derived)
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# are from Whitaker's Almanack for 1987, page 146.
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# 1960 is the earliest year for which dates are given;
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# Whitaker's notes that British Summer Time (and, in some years, Double Summer
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# Time) was observed in earlier years but does not give start and end dates.
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# From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document"
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# (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving
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# into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with
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# the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep.,
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# the start dates are already the same).
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#
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# Summer time was not observed before 1916.
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# It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction
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# by Germany in March 1916.
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# During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double
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# summer time was used in Summer.
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# Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment.
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# This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged
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# a failure.
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#
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# Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most
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# of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it
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# after the 1st and/or 2nd war.
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#
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# Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire.
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#
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# The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992.
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# The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993.
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# The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper):
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#
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# Summer Time Double Summer Time
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# Year Start End Start End
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# 1916 21 May 1 October
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# 1917 8 April 17 September
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# 1918 24 March 30 September
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# 1919 30 March 29 September
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# 1920 28 March 25 October
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# (extended from
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# 27 Sep. because
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# of coal strike)
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#
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# 1921 3 April 3 October
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# 1922 26 March 8 October
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# 1923 22 April 16 September
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# 1924 30 April 21 September
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# 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday
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# 1938 in April in October
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#
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# 1939 16 April 19 November
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# 1940 25 February continued
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# 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August
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# 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August
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# 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August
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# 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September
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# 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July
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#
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# 1946 14 April 6 October
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# 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August
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# 1948 14 March 31 October
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# 1949 3 April 30 October
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# 1950 16 April 22 October
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# 1951 15 April 21 October
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# 1952 20 April 26 October
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#
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# 1953 19 April 4 October
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# 1954 11 April 3 October
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# 1955 17 April 2 October
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# 1956 15 April 7 October
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# 1957 14 April 6 October
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# 1958 20 April 5 October
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# 1959 19 April 4 October
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# 1960 10 April 2 October
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#
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# 1961 26 March 29 October
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# 1962 25 March 28 October
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# 1963 31 March 27 October
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# 1964 22 March 25 October
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# 1965 21 March 24 October
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# 1966 20 March 23 October
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# 1967 19 March 29 October
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#
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# 1968 18 February continued
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# 1969 continued continued
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# 1970 continued continued
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# 1971 continued 31 October
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# 1972 19 March 29 October
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# 1973 18 March 28 October
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# 1974 17 March 27 October
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#
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# 1975 16 March 26 October
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# 1976 21 March 24 October
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# 1977 20 March 23 October
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# 1978 19 March 29 October
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# 1979 18 March 28 October
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# 1980 16 March 26 October
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# 1981 29 March 25 October
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#
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# 1982 28 March 24 October
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# 1983 27 March 23 October
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# 1984 25 March 28 October
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# 1985 31 March 27 October
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# 1986 30 March 26 October
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# 1987 29 March 25 October
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# 1988 27 March 23 October
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#
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# 1989 26 March 29 October
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# 1990 25 March 28 October
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# 1991 31 March 27 October
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# 1992 29 March 25 October
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#
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# These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . .
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# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
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#
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# 1960 April 10 October 2 (yes, 2, according to the almanac)
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# 1961 March 26 October 29
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# 1962 March 25 October 28
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# 1963 March 31 October 27
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# 1964 March 22 October 25
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# 1965 March 21 October 24
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# 1966 March 20 October 23
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# 1967 March 19 October 29
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# 1968 February 18 October 27
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# "British Standard Time, also one hour ahead of G. M. T., was kept between
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# 1968 Oct. 27-1971 Oct. 31."
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# 1972 March 19 October 29
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# 1973 March 18 October 28
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# 1974 March 17 October 27
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# 1975 March 16 October 26
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# 1976 March 21 October 24
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# 1977 March 20 October 23
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# 1978 March 19 October 29
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# 1979 March 18 October 28
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# 1980 March 16 October 26
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# 1981 March 29 October 25
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# 1982 March 28 October 24
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# 1983 March 27 October 23
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# 1984 March 25 October 28
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# 1985 March 31 October 27
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# 1986 March 30 October 26
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# 1987 March 29 October 25
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# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989):
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#
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@ -69,39 +145,69 @@
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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#
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# Summer time ends on Sunday 29 October 1989.
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# ...
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# Date: 5 Jan 89 09:50:38 GMT (Thu)
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# From: Peter Kendell <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!tcom.stc.co.uk!pete>
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# ...
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#
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# From my Collins Diary for 1989 -
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#
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# "At the time of going to press the Home Office was unable to confirm
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# the 1989 starting and finishing dates for BST*, but expressed the
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# view that 26 March and 29 October were the likeliest dates to be
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# adopted"
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#
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# *British Summer Time.
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# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 5, 1989):
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#
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# . . .our government is seriously considering applying Double Summer Time -
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# putting the clocks forwards and back TWO hours for daylight saving time.
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# This is advocated to standardise time in the EEC - we're all supposed to
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# keep the same time and to change the clocks on the same dates in the future.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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# Historic starting rules
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# 1916 to 1925--irregular
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Mar 21 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr 22 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Oct 16 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 30 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Sep 21 1:00s 0 GMT
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# 1925 to 1939 start--regular
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1939 - Apr Sun>=15 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT
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# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
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Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May 4 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Apr 5 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Aug 9 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Apr 4 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Aug 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep 17 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945?
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 GMT
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# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 GMT
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# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 1:00s 0 GMT
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# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1955 1959 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# Historic ending rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Oct 2 1:00s 0 GMT
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# 1953 to 1971, ending rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT
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# Current rules
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