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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</TITLE>
<LINK REL="schema.DC" HREF="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/">
<META NAME="DC.Creator" CONTENT="Paul Eggert">
<META NAME="DC.Contributor" CONTENT="Arthur David Olson">
<META NAME="DC.Date" CONTENT="20%E%">
<META NAME="DC.Description"
CONTENT="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
<META NAME="DC.Identifier" CONTENT="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm">
<META NAME="Keywords"
CONTENT="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</H1>
<P>
<H6>
<ADDRESS>
%W%
</H6>
<H2>Paul Eggert writes:</H2><P>
The public-domain tz database contains code and data
</ADDRESS>
<H2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</H2><P>
The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
that represent the history of local time
for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
This database (often called <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
is used by several implementations,
including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare.
In the tz database's
In the <samp>tz</samp> database's
<A HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</A>,
the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version;
similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
<P>
The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please
send changes to the <A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone
mailing list</A>. You can also <A
HREF="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</A> to the
mailing list, or retrieve the <A
HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old
messages</A> (in <A HREF="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</A> compressed
format).
<P>
The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</A>
has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>zoneinfo</samp>.
a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>tz</samp>.
This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License,
and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
<P>
The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
<H2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A>
is a text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world.
Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A> is a
text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
throughout the world.
<LI><A HREF="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0
URL Timezone Converter</A> is a similar interface, with source code
written in <A HREF="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</A>, using what Paul
Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".
<LI><A HREF="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the World</A>
is a fancier web interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</A>
is an even fancier interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.burbs.com/fcgi-bin/tzconvert.fcgi">Burbs time
zone converter</A> is a multilingual interface.
<LI><A
HREF="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
time zones calculator</A> is a <A
HREF="http://www.apple.com/hypercard/">HyperCard</A> interface to a
recent version of the tz data.
HREF="http://apple.com/hypercard/">HyperCard</A> interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</A>
is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
<samp>tz</samp>'s.
</UL>
<H2>Other time zone databases</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.astro.ch/atlas/">Astrology / Astrologie -&gt;
Astrodienst Atlas Database</A> is Astrodienst's Web version of <A
HREF="http://www.astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">Shanks's
HREF="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">Shanks's
excellent time zone history atlases</A> published by <A
HREF="http://www.astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</A>.
HREF="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</A>.
<LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
time info, public holidays</A>
contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the World</A>
is a text-based system containing links to local time servers
throughout the world; though the coverage is limited,
the live data provide a nice way to check one's tables.
<LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A>
contains US Naval Observatory data, used as the source
for the <samp>usno*</samp> files.
<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a
<A HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/figures/802649.pdf">time
for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.
<LI>The <A HREF="http://iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</A>
publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM),
which gives current time zone rules for
all the airports served by commercial aviation.
</UL>
<H2>Maps</H2>
<UL>
<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <A
HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/figures/802649.pdf">time
zone map</A>; the
<A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
Perry-Casta&ntilde;eda Library Map Collection</A>
@ -68,18 +104,54 @@ recent editions.
The pictorial quality is good,
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
and parts of the data are a few years out of date.
<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/"><SAMP>Worldtimezone.com</SAMP></A>
<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/">World time zones map with
current time</A>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.
</UL>
<H2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">Daylight
Saving Time -- History, rationale, laws and dates</A>
is a good overall history of DST.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The
Time of Internet</A>
contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time,
with diagrams.
The time zone map is out of date, however.
<LI>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time.
<DL>
<DT>Australia
<DD>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales (NSW)
Attorney General's Department maintains a <A
HREF="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">history of
daylight saving in NSW</A>.
<DT>Brazil
<DD>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory
records <A HREF="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html"
HREFLANG="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in
Portuguese)</A>.
<DT>Germany
<DD>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <A
HREF="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of
German legal time</A>.
<DT>Israel
<DD>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <A
HREF="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements"
HREFLANG="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</A>.
<DT>United Kingdom
<DD><A
HREF="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of
legal time in Britain</A> is an excellent discussion for the country
with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.
</DL>
</UL>
<H2>Precision timekeeping</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A
Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A>
answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?''
answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"
<LI><A
HREF="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
Times</A> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
@ -87,34 +159,24 @@ and TDB.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth
and Its Reference Systems</A>
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">Daylight
Saving Time -- History, rationale, laws and dates</A>
is a good history of DST.
<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A>
is where the famous Internet indexing service Yahoo! collects its time zone
info.
<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</A>
publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM),
which gives current time zone rules for
all the airports served by commercial aviation.
<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
of IERS</A> contains official publications of the
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
when leap seconds occur.
</UL>
<P>
-- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert@twinsun.com</A>
(2000-01-10)
</P>
<H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P>
A good source of information about
<A HREF="http://www.iso.ch/markete/moreend.htm">ISO 8601</A> seems to be
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">International
Standard Date and Time Notation</A>
maintained by Markus Kuhn.
<P>
-- <A HREF="mailto:arthur_david_olson@nih.gov">arthur_david_olson@nih.gov</A>
(1996-01-04)
</P>
<H2>Time notation</H2>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of
the International Standard Date and Time Notation</A> is a good
summary of <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch/markete/moreend.htm">ISO
8601</A>.
</UL>
<H2>Related indexes</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -
Reference: Time</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A>
</UL>
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