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<!DOCTYPE html
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PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</title>
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<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' />
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<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Paul Eggert" />
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arthur David Olson" />
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<meta name="DC.Date" content="2000/10/03" />
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<meta name="DC.Description"
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content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" />
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<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" />
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<meta name="Keywords"
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content="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</h1>
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<address>
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%W%
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</address>
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<p>
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Please send corrections to this web page to the
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<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.
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</p>
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<h2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</h2>
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<p>
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The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
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that represent the history of local time
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for many representative locations around the globe.
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It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
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to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
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This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
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is used by several implementations,
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including
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<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>,
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<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>,
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<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,
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<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,
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<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>,
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<a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>,
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<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>,
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<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>,
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<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and
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<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.
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In the <samp>tz</samp> database's
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<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>,
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the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
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where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version;
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similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
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where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
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The code lets you compile the <samp>tz</samp> source files into
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machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets
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you read a <samp>tz</samp> binary file and interpret time stamps for that
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location.</p>
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<p>
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The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please
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send changes to the <a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone
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mailing list</a>. You can also <a
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href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to the
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mailing list, or retrieve the <a
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href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old
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messages</a> (in <a href="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</a> compressed
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format).</p>
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<p>
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The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
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Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
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</p>
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<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a
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text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
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throughout the world.</li>
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<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0
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URL Timezone Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code
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written in <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>, using what Paul
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Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".</li>
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<li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the
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World</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.tick2tock.com/cgi-bin/TZConverter">Tick2Tock
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time zone converter</a> is a multilingual interface.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday
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& Festival Site</a> lists DST-related clock changes along with
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holidays.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</a>
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is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
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<samp>tz</samp>'s.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp> compilers</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://www.karuna.freeserve.co.uk/vzic.tgz">Vzic</a>
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compiles <samp>tz</samp> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by
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the <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">iCalendar</a>
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specification published by the <a
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href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF
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Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group</a>. Vzic is freely
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available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU
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General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li>
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<li>Possible XML schemata for the <samp>tz</samp> data include <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">one</a> sketched out by <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> and
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<a
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href="http://developer.iplanet.com/docs/wpapers/calendar/ietf.txt">another</a>
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used by the <a
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href="http://www.iplanet.com/products/iplanet_calendar/">iPlanet
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Calendar Server</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp> binary file readers</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a>
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has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
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a <samp>tz</samp> binary file reader.
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This library is freely available under the
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html">
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GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>,
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and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>
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is a <samp>tz</samp> binary file reader written in Java.
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It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp>-based time zone conversion software</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a
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href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
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time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li>
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<li><a
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href="http://timezone50.homepage.com/">Time Zone Converter</a> is a
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Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Other time zone databases</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://www.astro.ch/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Astrodienst
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- Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
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excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a
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href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.html">computer</a> and <a
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href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a
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href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
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time info, public holidays</a>
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contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
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and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li>
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<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>
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contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
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(USNO), used as the source
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for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.</li>
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<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International
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Air Transport Association</a>
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publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard
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Schedules Information Manual</a>,
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which gives current time zone rules for
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all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Maps</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central
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Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a
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href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low802700.pdf">time
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zone map</a>; the
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<a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
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Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a>
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of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of
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recent editions.
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The pictorial quality is good,
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but the maps do not indicate summer time,
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and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
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<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with
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current time</a>
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has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
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The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
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but the maps are more up to date.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
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has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that
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currently observes a different time.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Manifold.net's <a
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href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and
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GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone
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boundaries distributed under the GPL. The GeoCommunity's <a
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href="http://software.geocomm.com/data/intl_timezones.html">International
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Time Zones</a> publishes the same data in other formats.</li>
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<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States
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publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time
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Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li>
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<li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a
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href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International
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Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
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Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</a>
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is a good overall history of DST.</li>
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<li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The
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Time of Internet</a>
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contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time,
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with diagrams.
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The time zone map is out of date, however.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm">A History of
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the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important
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time zone boundary.</li>
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<li>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time.
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<dl>
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<dt>Australia</dt>
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<dd>The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's
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Department maintains a history of <a
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href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">daylight
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saving in New South Wales</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Brazil</dt>
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<dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory
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records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html"
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hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in
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Portuguese)</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Germany</dt>
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<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a
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href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of
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Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Israel</dt>
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<dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a
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href="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements"
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hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Mexico</dt>
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<dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of
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Congress has published a <a
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href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/"
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hreflang="es">history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd>
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2001-04-05 16:43:39 -04:00
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<dt>Netherlands</dt>
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<dd><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm"
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hreflang="nl">De wettelijke tijdregeling in Nederland (in Dutch)</a>
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covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd>
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2000-12-14 15:31:56 -05:00
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<dt>United Kingdom</dt>
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<dd><a
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href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of
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legal time in Britain</a> is an excellent discussion for the country
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with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.</dd>
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</dl></li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Precision timekeeping</h2>
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<ul>
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2001-03-13 12:32:26 -05:00
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<li><a
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href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The
|
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Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction
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to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
|
2000-12-14 15:31:56 -05:00
|
|
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<li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses
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the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of
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Internet hosts.</li>
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<li><a href="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A
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|
Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a>
|
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|
answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li>
|
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|
<li><a
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|
href="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
|
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|
Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
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and TDB.</li>
|
2001-03-13 12:32:26 -05:00
|
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|
<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of
|
|
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|
|
Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a>
|
2000-12-14 15:31:56 -05:00
|
|
|
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>
|
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|
<li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
|
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|
|
|
of IERS</a> contains official publications of the
|
1997-05-03 22:08:38 -04:00
|
|
|
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
|
2000-12-14 15:31:56 -05:00
|
|
|
when leap seconds occur.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>The <a
|
|
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|
|
href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap
|
|
|
|
|
Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
|
2001-03-13 12:32:26 -05:00
|
|
|
href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind00&L=leapsecs&P=28537&E=2&B=------_=_NextPart_000_01C0781C.F015C5B0&N=GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf&T=application/octet-stream">McCarthy
|
|
|
|
|
and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>
|
|
|
|
|
(which requires discussion list membership to read).
|
|
|
|
|
This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a
|
|
|
|
|
href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the
|
|
|
|
|
Leap Second</a>, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>
|
2000-12-14 15:31:56 -05:00
|
|
|
has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Time notation</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of
|
|
|
|
|
the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good
|
|
|
|
|
summary of <a href="http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf">ISO
|
|
|
|
|
8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange
|
|
|
|
|
- Representation of dates and times</a>.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Related indexes</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -
|
|
|
|
|
Reference: Time</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</a></li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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