* backward: Move some links back to primary files.

This should allay concerns that the links would go away any time soon.
Suggested by Stephen Colebourne in
<http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019801.html>.
Change "`" to "'"; these days, "`" and "'" are not symmetric.
* antarctica (Antarctica/McMurdo):
* europe (Europe/Jersey, Europe/Guernsey, Europe/Isle_of_Man)
(Europe/Mariehamn, Europe/Busingen, Europe/Vatican, Europe/San_Marino)
(Arctic/Longyearbyen, Europe/Ljubljana, Europe/Podgorica)
(Europe/Sarajevo, Europe/Skopje, Europe/Zagreb, Europe/Bratislava):
* northamerica (America/St_Barthelemy, America/Marigot):
* southamerica (America/Lower_Princes, America/Kralendijk):
Move here from 'backward'.  This reverts a 2013-08-09 change.

antarctica

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 #
 # Except for the French entries,
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
-# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 #
-# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the 'australasia' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZAQ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
@@ -269,11 +269,11 @@ Rule	NZAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 # what they had to say about time there:
-# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
@@ -339,10 +339,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 #
 #
 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-# See Pacific/Auckland.
-#
 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
-# See Pacific/Auckland.
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
@@ -363,3 +360,5 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo

backward

@@ -18,19 +18,13 @@ Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
 Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Indianapolis
 Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Jujuy
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
-Link	America/Curacao		America/Kralendijk
 Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
-Link	America/Curacao		America/Lower_Princes
-Link	America/Guadeloupe	America/Marigot
 Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
-Link	America/Guadeloupe	America/St_Barthelemy
 Link	America/St_Thomas	America/Virgin
-Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/McMurdo
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
-Link	Europe/Oslo		Arctic/Longyearbyen
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
 Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
 Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
@@ -74,20 +68,7 @@ Link	America/Havana		Cuba
 Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
 Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 Link	Europe/London		Europe/Belfast
-Link	Europe/Prague		Europe/Bratislava
-Link	Europe/Zurich		Europe/Busingen
-Link	Europe/London		Europe/Guernsey
-Link	Europe/London		Europe/Isle_of_Man
-Link	Europe/London		Europe/Jersey
-Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Ljubljana
-Link	Europe/Helsinki		Europe/Mariehamn
-Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Podgorica
-Link	Europe/Rome		Europe/San_Marino
-Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Sarajevo
-Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Skopje
 Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
-Link	Europe/Rome		Europe/Vatican
-Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Zagreb
 Link	Europe/London		GB
 Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
 Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0

europe

@@ -440,6 +440,9 @@ Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
+Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
+Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
@@ -1105,7 +1108,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-# Use Europe/Helsinki for the Aaland Islands.
+
+# Aaland Is
+Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 # France
@@ -1255,7 +1260,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
-# Use Europe/Zurich for Busingen.
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+
+Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
@@ -1474,7 +1482,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Rome also for San Marino and Vatican City.
+
+Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
+Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # Latvia
 
@@ -1853,7 +1863,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-09):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-02):
 #
 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
@@ -1879,6 +1889,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #
 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
 # for these regions.
+Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2449,11 +2460,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Belgrade also for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia,
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
-# Montenegro, and Slovenia.
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 
 # Slovakia
-# See Europe/Prague.
+Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.

northamerica

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
-# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
-# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
+# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
-# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-#     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
+#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
 #     Sunday of March'; and
-#     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
+#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
@@ -678,13 +678,13 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
-# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
+# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
+# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
+# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
@@ -948,8 +948,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
-# one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
+# one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
-# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
+# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
 #
-# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
+# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
-# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
+# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
@@ -1405,7 +1405,6 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 
-
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
@@ -2211,7 +2210,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
-# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
+# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
 # </a>
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
@@ -2640,7 +2639,7 @@ Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
@@ -2931,7 +2930,10 @@ Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun 8	# Pointe a Pitre
 			-4:00	-	AST
-# Use America/Guadeloupe also for St Barthelemy and for St Martin (French part).
+# St Barthelemy
+Link America/Guadeloupe	America/St_Barthelemy
+# St Martin (French part)
+Link America/Guadeloupe	America/Marigot
 
 # Guatemala
 #
@@ -3177,7 +3179,7 @@ Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
+# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
@@ -3196,7 +3198,7 @@ Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
+# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May

southamerica

@@ -1349,9 +1349,13 @@ Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
-# Sint Maarten
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# Caribbean Netherlands
+# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# Use America/Curacao.
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
+# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
+
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
@@ -1646,7 +1650,7 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
-# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S