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* europe, zic.8 (Europe/Zurich): Change transition to 1853-07-16.

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Explain how I derived this guess from Messerli's book.
Also, give better evidence about the 1894 transition,
from Pierre-Yves Berger.
This commit is contained in:
Paul Eggert
2013-09-11 18:28:36 -07:00
parent 09f994d25d
commit 9805c5c4a3
2 changed files with 30 additions and 13 deletions
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@ -2662,23 +2662,40 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
# Round to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
#
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's claim that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. On the
# contrary, a more-reliable source talks about "the gradual introduction of a
# national time (from the 1850s)" (Google translation) with a switch to CET in
# 1894; see Speich's review of Messerli's thesis, Traverse 1997/3, 131-3
# <http://www.tg.ethz.ch/dokumente/pdf_files/rez_messerli.pdf>. For now, model
# this messy process as a transition in 1855. Shanks's 1894 transition is more
# plausible for Zurich but has not been checked.
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
#
# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occuring on
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1855 # See above comment.
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT