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* tz-link.htm: Modernize URLs a bit. Omit unnecessary trailing slashes.

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Paul Eggert
2014-11-02 23:37:41 -08:00
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David">
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-10-31">
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-11-02">
<meta name="DC.Description"
content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
<meta name="DC.Identifier"
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">time zone</a>
boundaries and
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving">daylight-saving</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">daylight-saving</a>
rules.
This database (often called <code>zoneinfo</code> or
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>)
@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ including
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the
<abbr title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</abbr>
C Library</a> (used in
<a href="http://www.linux.org/"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
<a href="http://www.android.com/">Android</a>,
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox_OS">Firefox
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
<a href="http://www.android.com">Android</a>,
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS">Firefox
<abbr title="Operating System">OS</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">Free<abbr
<a href="https://www.freebsd.org">Free<abbr
title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://netbsd.org/">Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://openbsd.org/">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,
<a href="http://netbsd.org">Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://openbsd.org">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a>,
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr
title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian">Symbian</a>,
@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">AIX</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</a>,
<a href="http://www.apple.com/ios/"><abbr
title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Windows</a>,
<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com/">Open<abbr
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com">Microsoft Windows</a>,
<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com">Open<abbr
title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://oracle.com/database">Oracle Database</a>,
<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>,
<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>, and
<a href="http://www.apple.com/osx/"><abbr title="Operating System Ten">OS
X</abbr></a>, and
<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Solaris</a>.</p>
X</abbr></a>.</p>
<p>
Each location in the database represents a region where all
clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.
@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ of the <a href="http://www.iana.org">Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA)</a>.
An <a href="https://github.com/eggert/tz">unofficial development
repository</a> of the code and data is available
in <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> form
from <a href="https://github.com/">GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
in <a href="http://git-scm.com">Git</a> form
from <a href="https://github.com">GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
repository is less well tested and probably contains more errors.
<p>
The code lets you compile the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source files into
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ database's style.</li>
These are listed roughly in ascending order of complexity and fanciness.
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://time.is/">Time.is</a> shows locations'
<li><a href="http://time.is">Time.is</a> shows locations'
time and zones in a simple format.</li>
<li><a
href="http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdatepick.html">Date and Time Gateway</a>
@ -188,25 +188,25 @@ uses a pulldown menu.</li>
timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules.
<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock &ndash;
Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li>
<li><a href="http://permatime.com/">Permatime</a> generates and views
<li><a href="http://permatime.com">Permatime</a> generates and views
links that refer to a particular point in time and can be displayed in
multiple time zones.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.zeitverschiebung.net/en/">Time Difference</a>
calculates the current time difference between locations.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com/">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtime.io/">worldtime.io</a>
<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtime.io">worldtime.io</a>
also contains data about time zone boundaries; it supports queries via place
names and shows location maps.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Network protocols for <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org/">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/">Time Zone Data
<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
<a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/">Time Zone Data
Distribution Service (tzdist) working group</a> is developing a scalable
protocol for distributing time zone data to clients. It has generated a
a <a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-service/">draft
protocol for transferring time zone data</a> and a <a
href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/">draft
href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/">draft
protocol for transferring time zone data by reference</a>. This work is based
on the iCalendar and CalConnect efforts described below.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5545">
@ -221,9 +221,9 @@ variant <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6321">xCal</a>
title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> format, and a variant
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7265">jCal</a>
(Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7265)
uses <a href="http://www.json.org/"><abbr
uses <a href="http://www.json.org"><abbr
title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></a> format.
<a href="http://calconnect.org/">CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
<a href="http://calconnect.org">CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area. <a
href="http://calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf">iCalendar
TIMEZONE Problems and Recommendations</a> offers guidelines and
@ -266,14 +266,14 @@ and with a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a
href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a>
contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org">Perl</a>
modules. It is part of the Perl <a
href="http://datetime.perl.org/">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
href="http://datetime.perl.org">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic
License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script
<code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock
transition in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database.</li>
<li><a href="http://icu-project.org/">International Components for
<li><a href="http://icu-project.org">International Components for
Unicode (<abbr>ICU</abbr>)</a> contains C/C++ and <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29">Java</a>
libraries for internationalization that
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ contains a class
<code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://nodatime.org/">Noda Time &ndash; Date and time API for
<li><a href="http://nodatime.org">Noda Time &ndash; Date and time API for
.NET</a> and <a href="http://www.babiej.demon.nl/Tz4Net/main.htm">TZ4Net</a>
are similar to Joda Time, but for the .NET framework instead of
Java. They are freely available under the
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ and a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license, respectively.</li>
compilers and libraries include:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://momentjs.com/timezone/">Moment Timezone</a> is a
plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com/">Moment.js</a> date
plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com">Moment.js</a> date
manipulation library. It is freely available under
the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
license.</li>
@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ the <abbr>MIT</abbr> license.</li>
</ul>
<li><a href="http://pytz.sourceforge.net">pytz &ndash; World Timezone
Definitions for Python</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
<a href="http://python.org/">Python</a>.
<a href="http://python.org">Python</a>.
It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io/">TZInfo &ndash;
<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io">TZInfo &ndash;
Ruby Timezone Library</a>
compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
<a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</a>.
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ library that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a time
zone repository whose format
is either proprietary or an <abbr>XML</abbr>-encoded
representation.</li>
<li><a href="http://tcl.tk/">Tcl</a>
<li><a href="http://tcl.tk">Tcl</a>
contains a developer-oriented parser that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>
source into text files, along with a runtime that can read those
files. Tcl is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ This library is freely available under the
<abbr>GNU</abbr> Lesser General Public License
(<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>,
and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</a>'s Glib has
<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s Glib has
a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in C that
creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets
of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets.
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ available under a BSD-style license.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>-based time zone software</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://foxclocks.org/">FoxClocks</a>
<li><a href="http://foxclocks.org">FoxClocks</a>
is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome">Google
Chrome</a> and for <a
href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Toolkit_API">Mozilla
@ -385,9 +385,9 @@ Toolkit</a> applications like <a
href="http://mozilla.com/firefox">Firefox</a> and <a
href="http://mozilla.com/thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>.
It displays multiple clocks in the application window, and has a mapping
interface to <a href="http://earth.google.com/">Google Earth</a>.
interface to <a href="http://earth.google.com">Google Earth</a>.
It is freely available under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>
<li><a href="http://golang.org/">Go programming language</a>
<li><a href="http://golang.org">Go programming language</a>
implementations contain a copy of a 32-bit subset of a recent
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
Go-specific format.</li>
@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Java</a> contains a copy of a subset of a recent
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
Java-specific format.</li>
<li><a href="http://kimmo.suominen.com/sw/timezone/">Time Zone</a> is
a <a href="http://wordpress.org/">WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
a <a href="http://wordpress.org">WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.relativedata.com/time-zone-master">Time Zone
Master</a> is a Microsoft Windows clock program that can automatically
@ -443,27 +443,27 @@ href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/books/american-atlas">one volume
for the <abbr>US</abbr></a>, and <a
href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/books/international-atlas">one for
other locations</a>) by <a
href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Computing Services</a>.
href="http://astrocom.com">Astro Computing Services</a>.
These atlases are extensive but unreliable, as Shanks appears to have
guessed many <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets and transitions. The atlases cite no
sources and do not indicate which entries are guesswork.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.hp.com/go/hpux/">HP-UX</a> has a database in
its own <code>tztab</code>(4) format.</li>
<li>Microsoft Windows has proprietary data mentioned above.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com">World Time Server</a>
is another time zone database.</li>
<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>
contains data from the Time Service Department of the
<abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/publications/Pages/ssim.aspx">Standard
Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
<a href="http://iata.org/">International Air Transport
<a href="http://iata.org">International Air Transport
Association</a>
gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Maps</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov/">United States Central
<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov">United States Central
Intelligence Agency (<abbr
title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a
href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf">time
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ recent editions.
The pictorial quality is good,
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">Current time around the world
<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com">Current time around the world
and standard time zones map of the world</a>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ sets of <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> regions.</li>
maps geographical coordinates to a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> region.
It is written in Go and is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
<li><a href="http://derickrethans.nl/what-time-is-it.html">What Time
is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a>
is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org">MongoDB</a>
geospatial query operators to shapefiles' data.</li>
<li><a href="http://statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative
Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains lists of
@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ of Summer time dates</a>.</dd>
href="http://literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7984E.pdf">The
Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction
to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/"><abbr
<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org"><abbr
title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network
Time Protocol</a>
discusses how to synchronize clocks of
@ -653,9 +653,9 @@ Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like
<abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.
<a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html">Time
Scales</a> goes into more detail, particularly for historical variants.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://iau.org/"><abbr
<li>The <a href="http://iau.org"><abbr
title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a
href="http://www.iausofa.org/"><abbr
href="http://www.iausofa.org"><abbr
title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a>
collection contains C and <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran">Fortran</a>
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr
title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the
diverse local time
scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li>
<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com/">LeapSecond.com</a> is
<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com">LeapSecond.com</a> is
dedicated not only to leap seconds but to precise time and frequency
in general. It covers the state of the art in amateur timekeeping, and
how the art has progressed over the past few decades.</li>