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reorganized source directory
This commit is contained in:
David Schweikert
2
doc/Makefile.am
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2
doc/Makefile.am
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411
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install-man8 install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps \
|
||||
install-ps-am install-strip installcheck installcheck-am \
|
||||
installdirs maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic \
|
||||
mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic pdf pdf-am ps ps-am uninstall \
|
||||
uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man8
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
|
||||
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
|
||||
.NOEXPORT:
|
||||
43
doc/README.1992
Normal file
43
doc/README.1992
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
|
||||
Original README (from 1992)
|
||||
|
||||
fping - A tool to quickly ping N number of hosts to determine
|
||||
their reachability.
|
||||
|
||||
Roland J. Schemers III - Stanford University
|
||||
schemers@Stanford.EDU
|
||||
|
||||
fping is a ping(1) like program which uses the Internet Control
|
||||
Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a host is
|
||||
up. fping is different from ping in that you can specify any
|
||||
number of hosts on the command line, or specify a file containing
|
||||
the lists of hosts to ping. Instead of trying one host until it
|
||||
timeouts or replies, fping will send out a ping packet and move
|
||||
on to the next host in a round-robin fashion. If a host replies,
|
||||
it is noted and removed from the list of hosts to check. If a host
|
||||
does not respond within a certain time limit and/or retry limit it
|
||||
will be considered unreachable.
|
||||
|
||||
Site
|
||||
Stanford University has a large TCP/IP network with over 16,000
|
||||
assigned IP addresses and over 100 IP subnets.
|
||||
|
||||
Problem and Issues
|
||||
|
||||
With a large a number of IP addresses in use, its becomes more and
|
||||
more time consuming to check on which IP addresses are actively
|
||||
in use, and which critical machines (routers, bridges, servers, etc)
|
||||
are reachable. One example is we have a program which goes through
|
||||
all of our routers arp caches looking for IP addresses that are in
|
||||
use. After finding a list of IP addresses that aren't in any arp
|
||||
caches fping can then be used to see if these IP addresses really
|
||||
aren't being used, or are just behind the routers. Checking 2500
|
||||
hosts (99% of which are unreachable) via ping can take hours.
|
||||
|
||||
fping was written to solve the problem of pinging N number of hosts
|
||||
in an efficient manner. By sending out pings in a round-robin fashion
|
||||
and checking on responses as they come in at random, a large number of
|
||||
hosts can be checked at once.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike ping, fping is meant to be used in scripts and its
|
||||
output is easy to parse.
|
||||
|
||||
228
doc/fping.8
Normal file
228
doc/fping.8
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
|
||||
.TH fping 8
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
fping \- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
[ \fIoptions\fR ]
|
||||
[ \fIsystems...\fR ]
|
||||
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.NXR "fping command"
|
||||
.NXR "ICMP ECHO_REQUEST"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
is a program like
|
||||
.B ping(8)
|
||||
which uses the Internet Control
|
||||
Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a target host is
|
||||
responding.
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
differs from ping in that you can specify any
|
||||
number of targets on the command line, or specify a file containing
|
||||
the lists of targets to ping. Instead of sending to one target until it
|
||||
times out or replies,
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
will send out a ping packet and move
|
||||
on to the next target in a round-robin fashion.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
In the default mode, if a target replies,
|
||||
it is noted and removed from the list of targets to check; if a target
|
||||
does not respond within a certain time limit and/or retry limit it
|
||||
is designated as unreachable.
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
also supports sending a specified number of pings to a target, or
|
||||
looping indefinitely (as in
|
||||
.B ping
|
||||
).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Unlike
|
||||
.B ping,
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
is meant to be used in scripts, so its output is designed to be
|
||||
easy to parse.
|
||||
.SH OPTIONS
|
||||
.IP \fB-a\fR 5
|
||||
Show systems that are alive.
|
||||
.IP \fB-A\fR 5
|
||||
Display targets by address rather than DNS name.
|
||||
.IP \fB-b\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Number of bytes of ping data to send. The minimum size (normally 12)
|
||||
allows room for the data that
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
needs to do its work (sequence number, timestamp). The reported
|
||||
received data size includes the IP header (normally 20 bytes) and ICMP
|
||||
header (8 bytes), so the minimum total size is 40 bytes. Default is
|
||||
56, as in
|
||||
.B ping.
|
||||
Maximum is the theoretical maximum IP datagram size (64K), though most
|
||||
systems limit this to a smaller, system-dependent number.
|
||||
.IP \fB-B\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
In the default mode,
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
sends several requests to a target before giving up, waiting longer for
|
||||
a reply on each successive request. This parameter is the value by
|
||||
which the wait time is multiplied on each successive request; it must
|
||||
be entered as a floating-point number (x.y). The default is 1.5.
|
||||
.IP \fB-c\fR 5
|
||||
Number of request packets to send to each target. In this mode, a
|
||||
line is displayed for each received response (this can suppressed with
|
||||
-q or -Q). Also, statistics about responses for each target are displayed
|
||||
when all requests have been sent (or when interrupted).
|
||||
.IP \fB-C\fR 5
|
||||
Similar to -c, but the per-target statistics are displayed in a format
|
||||
designed for automated response-time statistics gathering. For
|
||||
example:
|
||||
|
||||
% fping -C 5 -q somehost
|
||||
|
||||
somehost : 91.7 37.0 29.2 - 36.8
|
||||
|
||||
shows the response time in milliseconds for each of the five requests,
|
||||
with the "-" indicating that no response was received to the fourth
|
||||
request.
|
||||
.IP \fB-d\fR 5
|
||||
Use DNS to lookup address of return ping packet. This allows you to give
|
||||
fping a list of IP addresses as input and print hostnames in the output.
|
||||
.IP \fB-e\fR 5
|
||||
Show elapsed (round-trip) time of packets.
|
||||
.IP \fB-f\fR 5
|
||||
Read list of targets from a file. This option can only be used by the
|
||||
root user. Regular users should pipe in the file via stdin:
|
||||
|
||||
% fping < targets_file
|
||||
|
||||
.IP \fB-g\fR 5
|
||||
Generate a target list from a supplied IP netmask, or a starting and ending IP.
|
||||
Specify the netmask or start/end in the targets portion of the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
ex. To ping the class C 192.168.1.x, the specified command line could look like either:
|
||||
|
||||
fping -g 192.168.1.0/24
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
fping -g 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255
|
||||
.IP \fB-h\fR 5
|
||||
Print usage message.
|
||||
.IP \fB-i\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
The minimum amount of time (in milliseconds) between sending a ping packet to any target (default is 25).
|
||||
.IP \fB-l\fR 5
|
||||
Loop sending packets to each target indefinitely. Can be interrupted
|
||||
with ctl-C; statistics about responses for each target are then displayed.
|
||||
.IP \fB-m\fR 5
|
||||
Send pings to each of a target host's multiple interfaces.
|
||||
.IP \fB-n\fR 5
|
||||
Same as -d.
|
||||
.IP \fB-p\fR 5
|
||||
In looping or counting modes (-l, -c, or -C), this parameter sets the
|
||||
time in milliseconds that
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
waits between successive packets to an individual target. Default is
|
||||
1000.
|
||||
.IP \fB-q\fR 5
|
||||
Quiet. Don't show per-target results, just set final exit status.
|
||||
.IP \fB-Q\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Like -q, but show summary results every n seconds.
|
||||
.IP \fB-r\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Retry limit (default 3). This is the number of times an attempt at pinging
|
||||
a target will be made, not including the first try.
|
||||
.IP \fB-s\fR 5
|
||||
Print cumulative statistics upon exit.
|
||||
.IP \fB-S\fIaddr\fR 5
|
||||
Set source address.
|
||||
.IP \fB-I\fIif\fR 5
|
||||
Set the interface (requires SO_BINDTODEVICE support)
|
||||
.IP \fB-t\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Initial target timeout in milliseconds (default 500). In the default
|
||||
mode, this is the amount of time that
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
waits for a response to its first request. Successive timeouts are
|
||||
multiplied by the backoff factor.
|
||||
.IP \fB-T\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Ignored (for compatibility with fping 2.4).
|
||||
.IP \fB-u\fR 5
|
||||
Show targets that are unreachable.
|
||||
.IP \fB-T\fIn\fR 5
|
||||
Set the typ of service flag (TOS). \fIn\fR can be either decimal or hexadecimal (0xh) format.
|
||||
.IP \fB-v\fR 5
|
||||
Print
|
||||
.B fping
|
||||
version information.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following perl script will check a list of hosts and send mail if
|
||||
any are unreachable. It uses the open2 function which allows a program
|
||||
to be opened for reading and writing. fping does not start pinging the
|
||||
list of systems until it reads EOF, which it gets after INPUT is closed.
|
||||
Sure the open2 usage is not needed in this example, but it's a good open2
|
||||
example none the less.
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
||||
require 'open2.pl';
|
||||
|
||||
$MAILTO = "root";
|
||||
|
||||
$pid = &open2("OUTPUT","INPUT","/usr/local/bin/fping -u");
|
||||
|
||||
@check=("slapshot","foo","foobar");
|
||||
|
||||
foreach(@check) { print INPUT "$_\\n"; }
|
||||
close(INPUT);
|
||||
@output=<OUTPUT>;
|
||||
|
||||
if ($#output != -1) {
|
||||
chop($date=`date`);
|
||||
open(MAIL,"|mail -s 'unreachable systems' $MAILTO");
|
||||
print MAIL "\\nThe following systems are unreachable as of: $date\\n\\n";
|
||||
print MAIL @output;
|
||||
close MAIL;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.ni
|
||||
Another good example is when you want to perform an action only on hosts
|
||||
that are currently reachable.
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
||||
|
||||
$hosts_to_backup = `cat /etc/hosts.backup | fping -a`;
|
||||
|
||||
foreach $host (split(/\\n/,$hosts_to_backup)) {
|
||||
# do it
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.ni
|
||||
|
||||
.SH AUTHORS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
Roland J. Schemers III, Stanford University, concept and versions 1.x
|
||||
RL "Bob" Morgan, Stanford University, versions 2.x
|
||||
David Papp, versions 2.3x and up,
|
||||
David Schweikert, versions 3.0 and up
|
||||
fping website: http://www.fping.org
|
||||
.ni
|
||||
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
||||
Exit status is 0 if all the hosts are reachable, 1 if some hosts were
|
||||
unreachable, 2 if any IP addresses were not found, 3 for invalid
|
||||
command line arguments, and 4 for a system call failure.
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
Ha! If we knew of any we would have fixed them!
|
||||
.SH RESTRICTIONS
|
||||
If certain options are used (i.e, a low value for -i and -t, and a
|
||||
high value for -r) it is possible to flood the network. This program
|
||||
must be installed as setuid root in order to open up a raw socket,
|
||||
or must be run by root. In order to stop mere mortals from hosing the
|
||||
network (when fping is installed setuid root) , normal users can't specify
|
||||
the following:
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
|
||||
-i n where n < 10 msec
|
||||
-r n where n > 20
|
||||
-t n where n < 250 msec
|
||||
|
||||
.ni
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
netstat(1), ping(8), ifconfig(8c)
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user